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The first inhabitants in what is now Canada were numerous Indian tribes (Abenaki, Algonquin, atapaskana, atikameka, Huron, Iroquois, Mohawk, Micmac, Naskapi), each of which had its own language and pagan beliefs. The oldest cave paintings depict the life of these people. Among the Indians of Canada were developed tradition of trade, arts and crafts.
The first Europeans to Canada were the Vikings. The remains of their settlements remained in the region of Newfoundland (Newfoundland). According to legend Life (Leif) Ericsson (Leifur Eiri’ksson) around 1000 BC sailed to these shores, and founded a settlement, which the Vikings called Vinland (“Land of Grapes”). In 1963, scientists discovered that this place is the northernmost point of the New Earth. However, the Vikings were unable to colonize the country. Around the 14th century. their trips to Canada ceased.
The next Europeans arrived in Canada in the XV century. In 1497, on the east coast of Canada sailed Italian traveler, John Cabot (John Cabot), who was looking for a new sea route to Asia for King Henry VIII. As well as Columbus, Cabot believed that landed in Asia. In many ways, further claims of England on Canadian soil were based on travel Dzh.Kabota.
In 1524 the Florentine Giovanni da Verrazano, communicated to the French king Francis I, explored the coast of Canada. This became the basis for France’s claim to these lands. Learn more about .
From 1534 to 1541. French explorer Jacques Cartier, patronized by the same Francis I, made several expeditions to the St. Lawrence River and declared the land French. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain (Samuel de Champlain) founded Quebec – Canada’s first permanent colony. By 1663 in Canada about 3000 residents of French settlers, and the land area of France were considered.
Hudson Bay England, concerned about the influence of France in the lands of Canada, established in 1670 the Hudson Bay Company (Hudson Bay) and gave her all the right to trade in the region.
Peaceful coexistence of Britain and France ended in 1745, when the British captured the French fort in Nova Scotia (Nova Scotia). In 1756 broke out in Europe Seven Years War, which historians usually associated with the beginning of the struggle between the two powers over Canada. In 1759, in Quebec, with the defeat of French forces by English, the turning point in the war effort. In 1763, the Paris Agreements of New France passed to England.
After the revolution in America, tens of thousands of American United Empire Loyalists left the United States, and about 50,000 people settled in Canada. By the end of the War of Independence was set a clear border between the United States and Canada.
Canada has become the main battleground in the war of 1812-14, between the United States and Britain. In this war won – Britain, Canada remained under the rule of Great Britain. July 1, 1867 g.Angliya took an act in which Canada won the right to form their own government, without departing from the British Empire. In fact, the country gained independence and adopted the name of the Dominion of Canada. Newfoundland and Prince Edward (Prince Edward Island) at first did not include in its composition. (In the present borders Canada has developed in the 70s. XIX c., And Newfoundland was connected to the country in 1949)
In 1885, the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which connected the east and west coasts of the country. By 1912, all regions are centrally managed by the government.
In World War I, Canada fought on the side of Great Britain. In Prince Edward Island, Canada became a volunteer member of the Commonwealth. In the interwar period, Canada gradually grew into an independent state within the British Commonwealth. During World War II the country was at war with Germany.
After the war in Canada gushing wave of immigrants from different countries of Europe, Asia and India. Gradually, the country came the economic recovery. In 1967, Canada celebrated the 100th anniversary of the proclamation of independence. In December 1964